Essay/Term paper: A review of "the outsiders club" screened on bbc 2 in october 96

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Society Term Papers

A Review of "The Outsiders Club" Screened on BBC 2 in October 96


MA Diploma Disability Studies

INTRODUCTION

I decided to write a review on the social group known as The Outsiders. The
group's main aim is to enable disabled adults to form personal relationships,
including specifically sexual ones (Shakespeare 1996), either with each other or
with non-disabled members. The group has been in existence for several years,
and has attracted a great deal of attention, including reaction from present and
former members, and in particular from within the Disabled People's Movement .
Many of the comments made by former members of the group have been critical,
sometimes highly condemnatory, and frequently made by disabled women (Rae 1984).

In both my professional and private capacity I am interested in sexuality and
disability, and specifically in the ways in which disabled adults can establish
meaningful relationships with other people (disabled or on-disabled). Issues
such as sexuality and the forming of relationships are regularly discussed in
mainstream youth and community work, but rarely with regard to disabled people
(which is not surprising since disabled people are often absent from mainstream
groups). Indeed, it is only in the last few years that disabled people
themselves have been in the forefront of this debate, and the leading
protagonist have usually been activists within the wider disability movement,
who are well aware of other social and sexual issues such as gender, sexism,
homophobia, and so on. The Outsiders was set up (and is still fronted by) an
able bodied woman who for many years has been well known in the controversial
arena of sexual liberation and soft-core pornography, so it is hardly surprising
that her group has both supporters and critics. A recent BBC-2 documentary
series (From the Edge) devoted a whole programme to the group, and this essay
picks up the main themes that were aired.

SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY

Morris (1989) writes "once we first become disabled we are usually denied any
form of sexual identity." It is certainly true that among the many negative
stereotypes of disability some of the most commonly held views are that disabled
people are non-sexual, or sometimes asexual beings, or that they are likely to
be attracted only to each other.

THE OUTSIDERS CLUB

The Outsiders Club was established by Tuppy Owens in 1979. Tuppy, a self-
proclaimed stalwart campaigner for sexual equality, and a trained sex therapist.
She conceived the idea of a social group for disabled adults after her close
male friend, Nigel, became blind. Fearful of the effect of disability ever
afflicting her own life - and blindness in particular - she became determined to
assist Nigel in any way she could. She began by taking Nigel to parties where
she described to him in great detail what other women were wearing, and took
delight in it. She claimed that this enabled him to have more fun, as he could
imagine what women were wearing, even though he could not see them. One question
raised by this is: whose needs were being fulfilled? I have already suggested
that many able-bodied people have quite misguided views concerning issues of
sexuality and disability, so was Tuppy fulfilling a sexual fantasy of her own,
or performing a valid role for her friend? (Shakespeare, Gillespie-Sells et al.
1996).

The club produces its own Practical Suggestions Guide, a guide considered
offensive and oppressive by some members of the disability movement (Shakespeare,
Gillespie-Sells et al. 1996). The reason for this view is that the guide's
content is based around a medical model of disability which suggests that
disabled people's problems are due to their impairments, not to environmental
and attitudinal factors (Oliver 1996). In other words, in the view of the
critics the guide fails to acknowledge the dominant model of disability which is
widely propagated by the disability movement. There is a 'medical' side to
disability (or 'impairment') and it is at least arguable that some (maybe most)
problems of sexual function are intrinsically medical - and not imposed by
society. However, issues of shyness, assertiveness, and social/sexual confidence
may well be rooted in expectations of disapproval, contempt or rejection from an
unaware non-disabled public.

HOW THE CLUB TREATS ITS MEMBERS.

Billy Prosser, a member of the club considers that the topic "Disability and
sexuality is taboo", ie sexuality as expressed by disabled people carries a kind
of stigma. Goffman in 1963 uses the term "stigma" to refer to an attribute that
is discrediting. To an extent this derives from traditional cultural and media
assumptions about physical beauty and "attractiveness". Disabled people are
seldom portrayed (for instance in films, on TV, in books, comics or magazines)
as sexy, or desirable, or sexually alluring to non-disabled people. The club's
membership is made up of able-bodied and disabled people. What is interesting
about the current membership is that there is a gender imbalance, with men
outnumbering women by 2:1, and it appears that the club attracts able-bodied men
but not able-bodied women (Shakespeare, Gillespie-Sells et al. 1996). So what
attracts non-disabled men to the Outsiders Club? Are they splendidly broad-
minded individuals who have no sexual hang-ups about mixing with disabled women,
or are they themselves sexually frustrated, isolated people at the last chance
saloon? We need to look at the management, structure, and general style of the
club to find some answers, and to try to answer the underlying question - is The
Outsiders Club a good or a bad thing?

THE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

The Outsiders Club's Management Committee consists of four people, including
Tuppy Owens, she is the only able-bodied person on the committee. In the film,
Annette Taylor, the club's Chairperson, suggested that the club ought to address
the negative images which have developed since its inception in 1979. When
viewing a film like this, I feel it is imperative that we, as individuals
(either club members or interested observers) are able to challenge our own
moral standpoint. It is perhaps inevitable that individuals who are confronted
with the issues depicted in the programme have been provoked into feelings of
discord. I found, as I was watching, that it was practically impossible not to
draw upon my own personal feelings concerning the issues expressed above
(Waitman and Conboy-Hill 1996).

THE OUTSIDERS CLUB AND SEXUAL SURROGACY.

In the film, Tuppy Owens mentioned her support for the use of sexual surrogates,
presumably (in some cases) via contacts made at The Outsiders Club. A sexual
surrogate is someone who usually is employed by a sex therapist to assist with
some sexual problem. This can be associated with a lack of confidence or poor
self esteem. The film interviewed two able-bodied sexual surrogates, one male
and the other female. Both surrogates in this film used statements like: "I like
to give pleasure and to make the person happy" and "I massage them". The fees
commence at £60 per session, and a typical case would involve an able-bodied,
female, sexual surrogate who would spend two hours with a disabled person (male)
for the purpose of sex. The surrogate explains: "I take them out of their chair,
put them on to the bed, make them comfortable, please them, wash them, dress
them and put them back in their wheelchair" I found the impersonal, matter-of-
fact words used by the surrogate woman in the film rather offensive. She kept
referring to disabled people as "them" which seemed to imply that the disabled
person was somehow less than the surrogate herself. It was considered
reasonable by the surrogate that a fee (£60) was charged, partly because it is
after all a 'business' transaction, and "otherwise they would become too
attached if we did not charge".

POWER, CONTROL, and FETISHISM

The film showed several disabled women who discussed their experiences of the
club. One woman, who uses a wheelchair, claimed that she had only been asked out
by able-bodied men. Tuppy's explanation of this was that some able bodied men
feel inadequate within their own experience, but are enabled to feel empowered
if they have sex with disabled women. She said that such men feel they are in
control, and by this process are able to exercise power over a woman, albeit
that the woman is disabled. Shakespeare makes the point that there is an
assumption here that any sexual contact is better than no sexual contact
(Shakespeare 1996). A further disturbing aspect of the club, mentioned in some
detail in the TV film, is that it is used by some (usually able-bodied) men as
an informal network for specific sexual tastes. An example of this is that in
the Outsiders Club handbook it states: "Do not confess your fetish early in the
relationship, as some women may find this offensive". There seems to be a
voyeuristicview of disability in cases such as these, and this was given weight
by Shakespeare in 1996. What is particularly disturbing, is that the Outsiders
magazine publishes most of the members' names and addresses with telephone
numbers. It was suggested that most people who join do not fully understand how
the club operates. This highlights very real dangers, particularly for some
women who may already lack social skills and consequently be considered to be
vulnerable.

CONCLUSIONS.

Tuppy Owens and members of The Outsiders Club co-operated willingly in the
shooting of the film - to their credit. They do not seem ashamed or evasive
about what they do and how they operate. The programme was not long enough to be
a truly authoritative portrait, but it did raise sensitive, awkward, and
provocative issues. The programme itself almost seemed to depict some disabled
people and some non-disabled people (ie Club members) as somewhat sexually
deviant or even dangerous, which it suggests is hardly surprising when we live
in a sexually supercharged culture, where the emphasis is upon the body
beautiful and how attractive a person is (Longmore 1987), and there is a growing
fascination with sexual extremes. The programme quoted from its guide that women
should not turn down advances from men as this may be perceived by the men that
the women who are saying no in fact mean yes(Shakespeare, Gillespie-Sells et al.
1996). This is a dangerous proposition, and adds fuel to the uneasiness that
is evident in people's views about the club. I do not disagree per se with the
idea of a sexual club where consenting disabled adults can meet together with
other disabled people or non-disabled people to develop social skills, build
self esteem, and possibly involve themselves in sexual relationships. I do
however consider that the Outsiders Club does not meet the needs of disabled
women, and their vulnerability is not fully understood by the club's organisers.

References

Longmore, P. K. (1987). "Screening Stereotypes: Images of Disabled People in
Television and Motion Pictures." .

Oliver, M. (1996). Understanding Disability: From Theory to Practice. London,
Macmillan.

Rae, A. (1984). Refusing to be the Outsiders. Spare Rib 145 . p. 18-20.

Shakespeare, T. (1996). Power and Prejudice: Issues of Gender, Sexuality and
Disability. Disability & Society: Emerging Issues and Insights. L. Barton.
London, Longman.

Shakespeare, T., K. Gillespie-Sells, et al. (1996). The Sexual Polities of
Disability: Untold Desires. London, Cassell.

Waitman, A. and S. Conboy-Hill (1996). Confronting Moral Standpoints.

December 1996